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Friday, December 11, 2020

摘声盛松成:疫情后中国经济平稳恢复,货币政策无需大水漫灌

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12月2日,中国人民银行公开市场业务操作室发布公告称,以利率招标方式开展了100亿元逆回购操作,鉴于当日有1200亿元逆回购到期,人民银行实现净回笼1100亿元。在跨月的时间窗口,央行连续进行逆回购,更是打破月中续作的惯例开展2000亿元MLF(中期借贷便利)操作,体现了其保持流动性合理充裕的政策意图。

接受《经济参考报》记者采访的业内人士表示,临近年底时点,央行仍会通过加大公开市场操作方式进行流动性调节。而长期来看,货币政策将逐步回归正常,进一步宽松的可能性在下降,降息降准的概率也相对降低。稳健的货币政策将更为灵活适度,但不会贸然收紧。

12月2日,央行开展了100亿元7天逆回购操作,中标利率2.2%,由于当日有1200亿元逆回购到期,实现净回笼1100亿元。实际上,在11月下旬,央行连续多个工作日为资金面“补水”。11月30日,还开展了2000亿元MLF操作。此前,央行已经形成每月月中续作当月到期MLF的惯性操作,央行于11月16日续做8000亿元MLF,11月30日再次开展2000亿元MLF操作超出市场预期。

光大证券研究所金融业首席分析师王一峰表示,央行在月末时点投放MLF,具有临时性特点,受信用违约事件影响,市场风险偏好有所下降,月末效应影响下,大行资金融出也相对审慎。央行希望通过MLF的临时性投放引导大行加大流动性支持力度,助力资金面平稳跨月。中信证券研究所副所长明明也认为,通过加大MLF操作规模补充中长期流动性,引导同业存单利率向MLF操作利率回归,也有助于缓解银行负债压力。

央行的频频操作助推目前市场利率处于相对低点。从12月2日上海银行间同业拆放利率(Shibor)来看,隔夜Shibor下行1.1个基点报0.7420%,7天Shibor下行4.7个基点,报1.9250%。东方金诚首席宏观分析师王青认为,年底前受银行考核临近、市场提现需求增加等因素影响,市场流动性将趋紧,不过届时央行会通过加大逆回购操作等方式予以对冲,因此短期市场利率有望保持在2.20%的政策利率附近。王一峰则表示,12月是传统财政支出大月,这将助力流动性改善,预计12月面对6000亿MLF到期,央行仍将采取等额或小幅超额续作方式,短端资金利率和利率走廊有望继续维持稳定。

展望未来,大部分业内人士也认为,央行仍将更多通过公开市场操作的方式来补充市场流动性,而降息降准的概率在下降。整体而言,稳健的货币政策将向常态化回归,并体现为灵活适度、精准导向。

日前发布的《2020年第三季度中国货币政策执行报告》(简称《报告》)与二季度报告相比,在货币政策展望部分,再度增加了“把好货币供给总闸门”的表述,《报告》也强调,处理好内外部均衡和长短期关系,尽可能长时间实施正常货币政策,保持宏观杠杆率基本稳定。

“国内货币政策将回归常态,首先是临时性的、应激性的政策逐步退出,类似于疫情期间推出的专项再贷款、普惠小微企业贷款延期支持工具、普惠小微企业信用贷款支持计划等都将到期或退出;其次是流动性环境逐步回归正常,资金利率和市场利率回归政策利率附近的平衡状态。”明明指出。他也表示,疫苗面市后全球经济将逐步从疫情的阴影中走出来,国内经济大概率也将维持在潜在增速水平附近,进一步通过降准降息来释放刺激信号的概率不大。

中国银行研究院发布报告称,考虑到宏观杠杆率过快上升对实体经济发展带来的不利影响,货币政策将更加注重防风险,进一步宽松的可能性下降。但考虑经济增长的内生动能不足,尤其是中小企业发展仍面临诸多困难,货币政策将更加注重精确性,引导资金流入实体企业。与此同时,考虑到债券违约风险加大金融市场波动、推高风险溢价的可能,需要货币政策及时做出对冲,防止金融市场超预期波动引发的货币市场利率过快上升等问题。

值得注意的是,中国货币政策已逐渐回归常态化并不意味着政策将贸然收紧。央行副行长刘国强此前在国务院政策例行吹风会上也表示,从趋势看我国经济比较强劲,政策效果正在发挥作用,市场信心在恢复。面对这种情况,我们也要考虑下一步的政策,总体上要继续保持松紧适度,政策调整要基于对经济状况的准确评估,不能仓促、不能弱化金融服务实体经济的效果,要把实体经济服务好。另外也不能出现“政策悬崖”。

中欧国际工商学院教授盛松成表示,疫情后中国经济平稳恢复,货币政策的确无需大水漫灌,但当前中国面临的主要任务是恢复和稳定经济增长,同时防范金融风险,所以不宜收紧货币政策。他指出,当前远未达到收紧货币政策的条件,中国稳健的货币政策灵活适度,不妨“让子弹再飞一会儿”,至少在明年上半年之前,都不应收紧货币政策。

来源:经济参考报

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